Wednesday, December 18, 2013

The Father of Library Science in India


Dr. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan was born on August 9, 1892 Shiyali, Madras and died on September 27, 1972 in Bangalore. He earned an MA in Mathematics, and taught at Madras University. In 1924 he was appointed as the librarian of Madras University, a post he held for twenty years. As a newly appointed librarian he travelled to London's School of Librarianship and toured over one hundred libraries in the U.K.
While in England, Dr. SR Ranganathan saw that the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) was the most popular system in use. His analytical mind quickly discovered its fundamental deficiency and its inability to express all the aspects of a specific subject of a document. He also thought that a classification system should allow for future subjects to be combined in unexpected or unplanned ways.  In his mind DDC was neither prepared nor adequate to provide for the future situations.
Whether people are looking for resource books to help them with literature courses, electronic courses on Mobile Phones, interior decoration or language study they should be able to find a wide variety of appropriate reading material quickly and easily.
The DDC is not necessarily the quickest or easiest; to keep in mind he decided to devise a system of his own. Shortly afterward he began work on his classification scheme which he called the Colon Classification (CC).Ranaganathan started a Library Science School in Madras in 1929 where he taught both DDC and CC. Over his lifetime, he wrote over 2000 research papers, 60 books and founded and edited five periodical publications.
Ranganathan's chief technical contributions to library science were in classification and indexing theory. His Colon Classification (1933) introduced a system that iswidely used in research libraries around theworld and that has affected the evolution of such older systems as the Dewey Decimal Classification. Later he devised the technique of chain indexing for deriving subject-index entries.
His Five Laws of Library Science (1931) was widely accepted as a definitive statement of the ideal of library service. He also drafted plans for a national and several state library systems, founded and edited several journals, and was active in numerous professional associations.
Colon Classification is the system of library organization developed by Ranganathan in 1933. It is general rather than specific in nature, and it can create complex or new categories through the use of facets, or colons. In it, there are 108 main classes and 10 generalized classes (broadly divided between the humanities and sciences), which are represented by a mixed notation of Arabic numerals and Roman and Greek letters. Each main class comprises five fundamental facets, or groups: personality,
Ranganathan's main contribution to classification was the notion of these fundamental facets, or categories. Instead of schedules of numbers for each topic, Colon Classification uses series of short tables from which component numbers are chosen and linked by colons to form a whole. The book number is an integral part of the call number, a departure from Dewey or Library of Congress systems.
Each main class has its appropriate facets and focuses; e.g., literature has language and form. In addition, there are four floating tables that correspond to subdivisions -- e.g., formgeographytime, and language. Further expansion of the tables is allowed through colon addition or omission (if the subject cannot be expanded).
The collection of the University of Madras, India, was utilized in the creation of Colon Classification.

Digitised E-Books of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan by DLIST, The University of Arizona Campus Repository (University Libraries)
  1. Classification and Communication(1951)
  2. Documentation and its Facets: Being a symposium of seventy papers by thirty-two authors
  3.         -(1963)
  4. Documentation Genesis and Development(1951)
  5. The Five Laws of Library Science (1931)
  6.        
  7. Library Book Selection(1966)
  8.        
  9. New education and school library: Experience of half a century(1973).
  10. Philosophy of Library Classification(1989)
  11.        
  12. Prolegomena to Library Classification(1967)
  13.        
  14. Reference Service(1961)
  15.        
Books on Dr. S.R. Ranganathan:
  1. Ranganathan's philosophy : assessment, impact, and relevance : proceedings of the international conference by T.S. Rajagopalan
  2. Indian academic libraries and Dr. S.R. Ranganathan : a critical study by Ravindra N Sharma
  3. Ranganathan, a pattern maker : a syndetic study of his contributions by Anand P Srivastava
  4. Relevance of Ranganathan's contributions to library science by T S Rajagopalan 
  5. S.R. Ranganathan, 1892-1972 : papers given at a memorial meeting on Thursday 25th January 1973 by Edward Dudley
  6. An essay in personal bibliography : Ranganathan Festschrift. 2. A bibliography of the writings on and by S.R. Ranganathan and A.K. Das Gupta
  7. S.R. Ranganathan, Pragmatic Philosopher of Information Science: A Personal Biography by Ranganathan Yogeshwar
  8. Ranganathanism and Knowledge Society: Relevance of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in the Present Day Knowledge Society and Other Essays  by Satyanarayana
His Life @ a Glance
He was educated at the Hindu High School in Shiyali, at Madras Christian College (where he took B.A. and M.A. degrees in mathematics in 1913 and 1916), and at Teachers College, Saidapet.
  In 1917 he joined the faculty of Government College, Mangalore.
  From 1920 to 1923 he subsequently taught at Government College, Coimbatore, and at Presidency College, University of Madras, in 1921-1923
  In 1924 he was appointed first librarian of the University of Madras, and in order to fit himself for the post he traveled to England to study at University College, London.
  From 1925 to 1944 he took up the job at Madras in earnest in 1925 and held it until 1944.
  From 1945 to 1954 he served as librarian and as professor of library science at Hindu University in Varanasi (Banaras), and from 1947 to 1954 he taught at the University of Delhi.
  From 1954 to 1957 he was engaged in research and writing in Zürich.
  He returned to India in the latter year and served as visiting professor at Vikram University, Ujjain, until 1959.
  In 1962 he founded and became head of the Documentation Research and Training Centre in Bangalore, with which he remained associated for the rest of his life, and in 1965 he was honoured by the Indian government with the title of national research professor in library science.Dr. S R Ranganathan is considered to be the father, the doyen, messiah of library and information profession in India.
Ranganathan’s Association with ILA
Ranganathan was closely associated with ILA right from its inception till 1954 ie, for about two decades. In fact, Mr K M Asadullah who convened the first All India Library Conference in Calcutta in the year 1933, requested Dr Ranganathan to be its president. But Ranganathan declined this offer as he was busy with the work of Madras University Library and Madras Library Association. However, he agreed to be one of the Conveners of the Conference.Ranganathan drafted the Constitution of the proposed Indian Library Association on behalf of the Madras Library Association. There were two more drafts-one from the Working Committee and one from the Simla Library Association. Hence a two member committee with Mr Ranganathan and Mr Montague of Simla was appointed to finalise the Constitution. This was adopted on 13 Sep 1933 and thus ILA was founded.Ranganathan enrolled himself as the first life member of ILA. He was President, ILA for nearly a decade upto 1953.When Ranganathan become the President of ILA he was not a member of the Executive Committee of the Association. It was an embarrassment for him when it was pointed out at the EC meeting held in Patna in 1946. Ranganathan then realised the need for amendment to the constitution as the President had no powers except to preside the general body meeting once in two years. Ranganathan got the constitution of the Association revised and adopted in 1949 at the Nagpur Conference.In the revised Constitution of 1949, the functions of the President were clearly laid-down. He was made the custodian of the constitution with full control over the affairs of the Association.PublicationsPapers for the Biennial Conference: A few months before the biennial conference, Ranganathan appointed an ad hocCommittee to select two or three subject groups in which papers should be solicited for the conference. Facets of each subject group were spelt-out well in advance. The ad hoc committee was also assigned the task of selection of papers, editing, standardization, publication, etc.Publication Series in English: A publication series in English was initiated in 1949. A sub-committee consisting of the President, Secretary and one Assistant Secretary was appointed for this purpose. Between 1949-53, seven titles were published under this series.Publication Series in Hindi: A series was also initiated in Hindi. Three of the books of Dr Ranganathan translated into Hindi by Mr M L Nagar were published.
In 1949 itself, it was decided to publish a research periodical in English; Another periodical giving a few papers of a slightly lower standard; and a periodical in Hindi.Finally it was resolved to make all there quarterlies issued simultaneously under one and the same cover under the titleAbgila.(Annals) (Bulletin) (GrantJialaya) of ILA (Indian Library Association). Union CatalogueDr Ranganathan took-up the project of the compilation of the Union Catalogue of Learned Periodicals in South Asia and completed it successfully on behalf of the ILA. This has fetched a few thousand rupees to ILA.During 1992 the Association organised functions to celebrate the Birth Centenary of Dr. S.R. Rnaganathan,the doyan of library science and librarianship in India. The Filately Division of the Department of Post, Government of India, released a Postel Stamp in honour of Ranganathan at the Official Opening of IFLA General Conference on August 30,1992. The stamp release function was performed by Hon'ble Minister of Human Resource Development Shri Arjun Singh in the Siri Fort Auditorium. The Plennary Session of IFLA was also devoted to Dr S R Ranganathan.The XXXVIII All India Library Conference of the Indian Library Association held at Utkal University, Bhubaneswar was dedicated to Dr S R Ranganathan. A large number of Indian and foreign Library Science journals released special numbers on S R Ranganathan.
Dr. S.R. Ranganathan Biography on Web
  1. EasyLib on Ranganathan
  2. ICMR tribute to Ranganathan
  3. On Wikipedia
  4. On Onlinelis site
  5. Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan
  6. Mishra, Anil Kumar
  7. The Father, Biography on ILA sites
  8. Satija, M.P, Remembering the Work of S.R. Ranganathan for Academic Libraries
  9. Singh, Jagtar, Philosophy and Theory of Dr. Ranganathan
  10. Summary of the work and Achievements of S.R. Ranganathan
  11. S.R. Ranganathan: an exemplry teacher and a guide by Harjit Singh
  12. Tripod Biography
  13. Ranganathan, Shiyali Ramamrita (1892-1972)
  14. S.R.R.Biography
  15. Biography on Online Britanica
  16. S.R. Ranganathan
  17. Father of library science from Sirkazhi-II by V. Sundaram (The writer is a retired IAS officer)
  18. Memorabilia Ranganathan by Gopinath, M.A.
Most widely held works by S. R Ranganathan
  1. Colon classification 
  2. The five laws of library science 
  3. Prolegomena to library classification
  4. Ramanujan, the man and the mathematician 
  5. On the life and achievements of Srinivasa Ramanujan Aiyangar, 1887-1920, Indian mathematician.
  6. Library book selection
  7. Reference service 
  8. Classified catalogue code, with additional rules for dictionary catalogue code 
  9. Library manual, for library authorities, librarians, and honorary library workers 
  10. Library administration 
  11. Free book service for all; an international survey 
  12. A Librarian looks back : an autobiography of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan by S R Ranganathan and P N Kaula
Articles on Dr. Ranganathan.
  1. Garfield, Eugene, A Tribute to S.R. Ranganathan: Part 1. Life and Works, 
  2. Garfield, Eugene, A Tribute to S.R. Ranganathan: Part 2. Life and Works, 
  3. Glassel, Aimee, Was Ranganathan Yahoo ?
  4. Kamat, Vikas, India's First IT Guru Dr. S.R. Ranganathan
  5. Relevance of Ranganathan's Laws of Library Science in Library Marketing by Dr. R.K. Bhatt
  6. Steckel, Mike: Ranganathan for IAs
  7. Efforts Of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan For Public Library Legislation And Service- A Review
  8. A Tribute by a Student of LIS
  9. The Pioneers: S. R. Ranganathan by D. J. Foskett
  10. Ranganathan's Theory of facet analysis and knowledge representation by M.A. Gopinath
  11. Application of Ranganathan's Laws to the Web by Alireza Noruzi 
  12. Father of library movement  from The Hindu, 14 Aug 2001
  13. Dr. S.R. Ranganathan Access Portal by DRTC, Bangalore
  14. Father of Information Science, The Hindu, 07 Feb 2011
  15. Reflections on Ranganathan’s Five Laws of Library Science by Richard A. Leiter
  16. Colon classification-An outline with examples by S R Ranganathan
  17. Do digital libraries violate the Third Law? By Michale V. Cloonan & John G. Dove
  18. Ranganathan revisited: Facet for the future
  19. Ranganathan’s Colon Classification in 1500 Words or Less: A brief history of Colon Classification by Susan Kelsch
  20. Public Library Legislation And Service- A Review By Dr. Mohammad Azeem Siddiqui
  21. Ranganathan and Public Library System by R. Raman Nair
  22. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS)- Librarians Day tribute
  23. Memories of the 1957 Dorking Conference, Dr. Ranganathan reference by Eugene Garfield
  24. The Future of Libraries in the Work of S.R. Ranganathan by Frederick J. Friend
  25. The Library is a Growing Organism: Ranganathan's Fifth Law of Library Science and the Academic Library in the Digital Era by Keren Barner
  26. On his birth centenary by M.P. Satija
  27. Dr. SRR DISCIPLES: A View Point 
  28. Ranganathan's Monologue on Melvil Dewey
  29. Ranganathan's Prolegomena to Library Classification
Source: ILA

Tuesday, December 17, 2013

Knowledge Classification and Colour Code System


INTRODUCTION:
The central purpose of libraries is to provide a service: Access to information, physical access to a potentially informative document depends on identifying and locating it.

Libraries exist for the benefit of the mind, but they have serious practical problems coping with the acquisition, storage, and handling of the documents and records with which they deal.

OBJECTIVES
The main aim of the bibliographic access includes three central concerns:

a)     Identifying documents
b)    Locating documents
c)     Physical access to materials

Let us see the objectives and find which area users feel it difficult, to access the materials from the below questions.

WHY CATALOG
To help users to find a book of which either (Identifying objective)
  • the author
  • the title
  • the subject
  • the call number
So with the help of catalog users are able to identify the document searching by author, title, and subject etc, can also check the status too of a particular document.

WHY CLASSIFICATION
In 1873 Mr. Melvil Dewey devised a system of classifying books. He chose certain main subject and numbers, so that all nonfiction books on the same subject would be together on the shelf.   

Dewey Decimal System is a tool used to sort books into groups or categories. We all know the system that groups books by topic, by dividing them in to 10 basic categories, and each of those categories is further split in to 10 categories and so on, and it is the most widely used library organization system in the world.

So classification helps user to identify the subject and to locate the subject easily on the shelves.

WHY CALL NUMBER
Call number help user to identify a specific copy of a work. A set of letters, numerals or other symbols (in combination or alone) it may also contain other data such as date, volume number, and copy number, used by a library to identify a specific copy of a work.

Each book in a library has a unique call number. A call number is like an address it tells us where an item is located in the library.

Understanding call numbers

It is difficult for users to understand because, every time it is the spine that one generally looks for and more specifically, its call number label, with so much pressure on the call number.     

To access the document physically user has to browse the shelves until one narrow it down to the call number. Imagine when a document is misplaced from its original place on the shelves, that time it is difficult for both user and staff to find the misplaced copy.

So with the help of call number users may identify and locate the document, now we are able to identify the area and difficulties involved in finding the document.

WHY COLOUR CODE
A unique colour for main subjects will always help the main subject of books together on the shelf.
Traditional call number labels with colour code, that makes it easier for user to locate subject area and easier for staff to notice misplaced items.

Advantages of colour code system:
  • Save the time of the user.
  • Always help staff to keep the subject books together.
  • Colour code makes it easier for user to locate subject areas and for staff to notice misplaced copy by visually identifying the subject colours.
  • Easy to sort the main subject books as and when returned, also staff may not find it difficult to reshelf the books.
  • The most important advantage is solution for misplaced books on shelf, as it is easy to find without using any technology.

Let us see below how the system works.
Colour Code System an Overview
Main Subjects
Colour     &          Call No.
Colours
Philosophy    &   Psychology
Yellow
100's
Religion
Blue
200's
Social Science
Grey
300's
Language
Lavender
400's
Natural Science
Green
500's
Technology
Silver
600's
Fine Art      & Recreation
Orange
700's
Literature
Gold
800's
Geography  History     Biography
Brown
900's
General Works
Red
000's
            






                                            
Some of the colour given above also matches the subject:

Why yellow for 100’s (Philosophy and Psychology)

The colour yellow symbolizes Wisdom, Joy, Happiness, Emotions and better feel etc. like the subject deals with.

Why green for 500’s (Natural Science)

As the color green symbolizes nature, life, and powerful symbol in the eco-friendly movement.

Why orange for 700’s (Arts)

As orange the colour of creativity and also “get it done attitude” and the colour also symbolizes playfulness like the subject deals with

Why gold for 800’s (literature)

Literature has its own value like gold.
Why brown for 900’s (Geography, History and Biography)
Brown is the colour of soil, giving it an earthy.

Conclusion:  Save the time of the user. Avoid the wastage of users’ time involved in search for a particular book by creating effective call number labels with colour code for main subjects. So that user gets access to the best source.
Hope nothing in this system that would negatively impact library classification.

Wednesday, December 11, 2013

Five Generations of Library Services in India

Five Generations of Library Services in India
Dr. Vivekanand Jain
Banaras Hindu University
Like a computer generation, library services can also be divided into five generations. (This is my personal opinion)
Generations
Library Services
Period
1st Generation of Library Services
Library services to limited users. There was no system for issue/return. Closed access. Personal Libraries.From Beginning to -1910 AD
2nd Generation of Library Services

Library services extended to general public.
Manual card catalogue for search of library documents.
There was a system for issuing the documents with register system.
Closed access to stack of books.
1910-1960
3rd Generation of Library Services
Library services to all users.
Computerised database of library documents (DBMS).
Use of library software for searching of documents and in circulation for issue/ return of books.
Closed and partial open access to stack of books.
1961-1990
4th Generation of Library Services
Library Automation with OPAC.
Computerised issue/ return.
Use of Barcode technology.
Open access to stack of books.
Library works in network environment.
Dominance of printed resources but moving towards CDROM databases and online resources.
1991-2000
5th Generation of Library Services
Fully Library Automation with OPAC and Web OPAC.
Use of library automation software for all library in-house activities and users services.
Open access to all resources for all users.
Internet based library services.
Self check in / checkout services.
Dominance of online full text resources.
Use of Barcode technology and RFID for stock management.
Information for All.
Library works in network environment.
Round the clock library services with remote access.
2001- till date

Wednesday, November 27, 2013

30 Library & Information Science Jobs

The field of library and information science has a wide variety of types of jobs available. Most of them are in either public libraries or in the libraries of education institutions such as colleges and universities. This is where the majority of the positions are that offer specializations and the opportunity to work in the library setting but to further concentrate on an area of individual interest.
The following list includes 30 of the kinds of jobs available to those studying library and information services, including the title of the job with a description of the kind of facility it is in, as well as a brief description of that job’s duties. The link of the title transports to an example of a job listing for that kind of position with more details, including job requirements and salary ranges offered for that particular position.
  1. Head Librarian of College School Library – This professional position would report to the main campus librarians dealing with library material to a particular school or department within a college. Particular duties would involve planning and development of all services and maintenance of the collections housed within the library, as well as leading all library staff.
  2. Librarian of County Library – This position involves performing duties at the information desk within the library as well as handling incoming requests for information or training. Assist in searches, generates reports, as well as representing the library for the community.
  3. Library Services Manager – Leading staff and meeting service requirements for all library services on and off site is the primary responsibility of a person in this position. Also needs to remain vigilant on meeting customer needs as well as anticipating and preparing for future upcoming needs.
  4. Science Reference Librarian for College – Within a college or university framework, this position would likely exist within the reference and research department of that college or university. They would assist the college students in their research needs and promote the services offered at the library to increase use and access.
  5. Supervisory Librarian at Smithsonian Institution – This professional position works in highly distinguished museums and involves supervising the daily activities of a large specialized and technical staff. They need to be familiar with both access to information and ability to establish exhibitions to present their collections in an attractive and appealing manner.
  6. Business Librarian for Business College – Deal with the specific needs of business students in their research and studies. Assist in developing expertise of students in the wide variety of information services available for use in their studies.
  7. Data Management Services Librarian for College Library – This position involves the managing the lifecycle of data that has been obtained through years of research, projects, and studies and generate systems to handle them. This covers the cataloging, storage, and easy retrieval of this essential data.
  8. Digital Humanities Librarian for College Library – This person will be responsible for overseeing the holdings and accessing all digital arts and humanities upon request for the population of a college library. They also will encourage change and innovation in the way the students and faculty think to use this kind of information.
  9. Digital Scholarship Librarian for College – For all needs of the faculty and student populations, this person will create support services in all areas of digital scholarship. This includes delivering online course materials, managing university repositories, as well as developing the kind of teaching materials that will aid and assist students in having increased access to information.
  10. Director of Development for College Library – This position requires the designing and implementing of all fundraising and activities involving existing donors for the library system. This senior administration official will handle all areas of gifts and stewardship that serve to support the library’s essential services.
  11. Geospatial Information Librarian for College Library – All services related to the GIS functions will be managed by this person. They are a part of the Earth Sciences department, and handle all GIS related activities that are required by the faculty and students in their own research endeavors. They also need to manage all geospatial information that has been previously collected and obtain systems and programs that provide for the storage and access for future projects.
  12. GIS & Map Librarian for College – This librarian takes primary responsibility for all geospatial data of the university, both in the collection and the use for the college population. The use of relevant software and the training of faculty and students of the best use of such materials also falls under the responsibilities of this library professional.
  13. Head of Access Services and Collections Maintenance for College – This professional needs to establish a collaborative team that works to provide a high level of customer satisfaction to the faculty and students of the college. The collect usage statistics and prepare reports on how these access services can be modified or improved to increase efficiency and use by the college personnel.
  14. Head of Instruction Services for College – This person manages the overall functioning of the information support desks in the library and in the instruction and orientation offerings given by the college through the library. This also involves the creation and evolution of current services into the future services to meet the needs of the faculty and students that not have been implemented or designed yet.
  15. Head of Library Application Support for College – This position works to create newer, more seamless systems that make for easier and more direct access of information by the college population. This involves the ability to access the total amount of information available in the physical library building as well as in the virtual universe accessible via computer or electronic media.
  16. Head of Fine Arts Library for College – This person will serve as primary community contact to both encourage and develop a broader system of digital arts and fine arts associated with the college location. This includes improving recognition of the collections already in existence, but also to increase their visibility in the community when it come to similar scholarship and exhibitions and their related supports.
  17. Head of Architecture Library for College – This library within the architecture school at a college would be responsible for the developing of collections and providing access for all information relating to architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning curriculum. The current drive in these positions is to grow their digital collections and increase their familiarity of those resources available through digital formats.
  18. Prospect Research Analyst for College – Primarily involved in the identifying and analysis of prospects for the college. Answering to the division of advancement services, they do all research and work to establish donor relations with those prospects. They also maintain and update all informational resources related to these reported prospects.
  19. Prospect Strategy Analyst for College – This person works to establish the methods that can be utilized to help engage prospective donors. They also provide updated information as contacts and development of relations is established. These efforts are tracked and analyzed for the individual college departments and their own projects and proposals.
  20. Librarian of College Library – For people in this role, their duties involve the management of the physical libraries, the digital scholarship related to library activities, and the information technology available to provide access to information needed by all faculty and students. They also create newer systems and efficiencies to provide services to an increasing number of people in an increasingly timely manner.
  21. Administrator/Director of Library System – This position involves working directly with the board of directors to carry out all executive duties and policies. They work with all library staff and involve themselves in the daily operations of the library.  All public relations are involved as well, in the designing of collaborations and creating programs that incorporate the public at large with library services offered.
  22. Coordinator of Testing Services for College – This person creates an environment that provides the kinds of library services available to the people of the community in person as well as with services available to them online. Their specific duties involve coordination and oversight of the testing center, which is available for different groups within the college.
  23. Continuing Education Consultant for State Library – This state library position is involved in the statewide education system used for all public libraries. They would be required to plan and implement all programs of training and continuing education offerings for the state. This includes the selection of curriculum materials, and designing the individual modules used to disseminate all relevant materials.
  24. Head of Technical Services and Systems for Public Library – This position deals with the automation systems and core technical operations within the library facility. Persons that qualify for this kind of position usually need to have a combination of both a master’s degree in library science as well as some experience working with the information systems within most library organizations.
  25. Instructional Resources Librarian for College – This position involves the college’s materials for teachers, textbooks, as well as all other physical works. They are responsible for outreach activities as well as ongoing training and development of all staff and instructors within the college environment. They are involved in the collection and assessment of all holdings within the library.
  26. Instructional Services Librarian for College – Positions similar to this are involved in more of the services involved with instruction, such as the literacy programs offered by most libraries. These individuals work with the college in order to service requests for information or instruction by different members of the college community, covering all departments and populations.
  27. Operations Manager for County Library – The routine functions that need to be performed regularly within a library environment are all overseen by this library professional. They are responsible for all routine analytical functions and for ensuring that all necessary tasks are completed effectively and efficiently. There is also coordination essential with other county departments in order to provide as much in the way of services to them as possible.
  28. Outreach Librarian – This professional is charged with creating and increasing the libraries reach within the communities in both local groups as well as their standing on a county, state, or larger basis. This can be further enhanced with social media presence, and through additional modern technologies and communication. Periodic evaluations of outreach activities is required to assess possible additional ideas.
  29. Adult Services Librarian for Public Library – The ability to work well with adults and design programs aimed at improving usage of new technologies. This includes creating adult offerings, and maintaining collections of interest to older library patrons. These usually include literature and periodical holdings, but are attempting to encourage increased familiarity and usability of online services as well.
  30. Teen Librarian for Public Library – Designing programs and providing services of interest to the younger population, ages 11-17, is the goal of a teen librarian. These will aim to increase outreach to those segments of the community and try to create a more active relationship between them and their local library. This position works in combination with the other librarians to create efficiencies where different programs may have overlapping requirements.
These 30 job opportunities offer an insight into the types of positions available to those interested in library and information sciences. These varying careers can include very executive responsibilities on the top end, and very public oriented positions working at the information support desk within the local library.
For all of the different listings included in this article, there are many others beyond this scope. There is likely a kind of job that relates to any kind of specific interests that a person may have within the field.


Tuesday, November 26, 2013

KVSSyllabus for written examination for Librarian


Part 1: Foundation of Library & Information Science.

Unit.1. Library as an Social Institution
- Social & Historical foundations of Library.
- Different types of libraries- Academic, Public, Special –their distinguishing features and functions.
- Role of U.G.C. for development of Academic libraries.
- Role in Library of formal and informal education.
Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Unit.2 Normative Principles of Lib. & Inf. Science
- Five Laws of Library Science.
- Implications of five laws in Lib. & Inf. Science
- Development of Libraries with special reference to India, Baroda
Public Library system
- Library Co-operation Resource Sharing and Library Networking.

Unit 4. Laws relating to Libraries & Inforamion.
- Library legislation need and essential features.
- Library legislation in India.
- Maharashtra Public Library Act.
- Press and registration act & Delivery of Books act (Public Library).
- Copyright act, Intellectual Property rights.
Unit.5 Library and information Profession
- Attribution of profession.
- Librarianship as a profession.
- Professional ethics.
- Professional associations & their role.
- National & International Library Associations- FID, IFLA, LA,
ILA, ALA, IASLIC etc.
- Professional education & research.
Unit.6 Promoters of Library & Information services
- National level promoters- RRRLF.
- International level promoters- UNESCO
Unit 7. Public relations & Extension activities
- Definition
- facets and programs.
- publicity & extension, Out reach activities.
- Library path finders (Guides)
- Factors affecting Library development, Literacy, publishing, Book
Trade.
Part II : Knowledge Organization, Information Processing & Retrieval.

Unit. 1. Universe of Knowledge
- Structure and attributes.
- Modes of formation of subjects.
- Different types of subjects.
- Universe of subjects as mapped in different schemes of
classification.

Unit. 2 Bibliographic description
- Catalogue purpose, Structure and types physical forms including
OPAC filling rules.
- Normative Principles of cataloguing.

- Overview of principles and practice in document description.
- Current trends in Standardization, description and exchange.
- Standard codes of cataloguing.

Unit. 3. Methods of Knowledge Organization
- General theory of Library Classification.
- Normative principles of classification and their application.
- Species of Library Classification.
- Standard Schemes of Classifications and their features, CC, DDC,
UDC.
- Notation: Need, Functions, Characteristics
- Design and development of schemes of Library Classification,
Standard sub-division Index.
- Trends in Library Classification.

Unit.4. Subject Classification
- Principles of Subject Classification.
- Subject heading lists and their feature.



Part III: Information Technology: Basic

Unit.1 Information Technology
- Definition, Need, Scope and Objectives.
Unit. 2 Computer Basic (Hardware)
- Introduction to Computers
- Overview of Historical Development of Computers.
- Generations of Computers, Classification of Computers.
- Essential Components of Computer system.

Unit.3 Computer Architecture-Organization of Computer
- Input and Output devices- Keyboard, Scanner, OCR, Printers,
Monitor

Unit. 4. Software.
- Operating systems: Single & Multi User Systems, Basic features
of MS-DOS, MS Windows, Linux, UNIX, Windows NT etc.
- Programming Languages: Concepts and Tools
- Algorithm & Flowcharting.

Unit. 5 Word Processors, Spread Sheet etc.

Unit. 6 DBMS Package
- Familiarity with DBASE, FOXPRO, CDS/ISIS, SOUL, MS Access
(Basic features)

Unit 7. Computer application to library & Information work
- House keeping operations

Unit 8. Communication Technology
- Communication Technology Basic Concepts
- Networking: Basic Concepts.
- Internet

Part IV: Management of Libraries & Information Centres/Institutions

Unit.1 Management
- Concepts, definition and scope.

- Management styles and approaches.
- Management schools of thought.
- Functions and principles of Scientific Management.

Unit.2 Human Resource Management
- Organizational structure.
- Delegation, Communication and Participation.
- Job Description and Analysis, Job evaluation.
- Inter-personal relation.
- Recruitment procedures.
- Motivation, group Dynamics.
- Training and Development.
- Disciplines and Grievances.
- Performance Appraisal.

Unit.3. Financial Management
- Resources Mobilization
- Budgeting Techniques and Methods PPBS, Zero Based Budgeting
etc.
- Budgetary Control.
- Cost effectiveness and Cost Benefit analysis.
- Outsourcing.
Unit. 4 Reporting
- Types of reports, Annual report-compilation, Contents and style.
- Library Statistics etc.
Unit 5 System Analysis and Design
- Library as a system
- Project Management PERT/COM
- Decision Tables.
- Performance evaluation standards, MIS.
- Performance Measurement, reengineering, Time and Motion
Study
- SWOT ( Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat)
- DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
Unit 6. Total Quality Management (TQM)
- Definition, Concept, Element
- Quality Audit, LIS related standards.
- Technology Management.
Unit. 7 Library House Keeping Operations.
- Different sections of Library & Information Center and their
functions.
- Collection Development and Management Policies Procedures.
- Book Ordering (Acquisition)
- Technical Processing.
- Serials Control, Circulation Control, Maintenance etc.
- Stock Verification- Policies and Procedures.
- Evaluation and Weeding.
- Archiving-conservation-Preservation.
- Restoration including Print, Non-Print and Electronic Materials.
Unit.8 Planning
- Concept, Definition, Need and Purpose, Types.
- Policies and Procedures, MBO
- Building and Space management in Libraries and Information
Centers.
- Library Building, Interior & Exterior, Furniture, Equipment’s,
Standards & Types.
- Risk Management, Contingency Management.
- Planning of related Infrastructure, Library Standards.
Unit 9. Management of change.
- Concept of change.
- Changes in Procedures, Methods, Tools and Techniques.
- Problems of Incorporating Change.
- Techniques of Managing Change.

Part V: Information Sources & Services

Unit 1. Reference and information sources.
- Documentary Sources of Information, Print, Non-Print including
Electronic: Special features, Scope, types
- Nature, Characteristic, Utility and evaluation of different types of
Information sources: Physical formats, Authority, Content, Utility.
- Non-Documentary Information Sources.
- Reference Sources Categories, Primary, Secondary & Tertiary
Information Sources.(Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Periodical,
Thesis, Books, Year book, Patents, Trade literature, standards,
Monographs, Reference Books, Year Books, Almanac, Atlas,
Abstracting & Indexing periodicals, Bibliographies, Handbooks
etc.)
- Internet as a Source of Information.
Unit.2. Reference Service.
- Concept, Definition, Need, Scope and trends.
- Reference Interview and Search Techniques.
Unit 3. Information Services and Products
- Information services and Products.
- Information services concepts, Definition, Need and trends.
- Need, Techniques and Evaluation of Alerting services (CAS
&SDI)
- Bibliographic, Referral, Document Delivery and Translation
Services.
Unit.4. Information System and their Services.
- Study of National, International and Commercial Information
Systems and Services- Background, their Services and Products.

Part VI: Library Users

Unit 1. Techniques of Library and Information Centres Survey.
- Proforma method.
- Interview method.
- Records analysis method.
Unit.2. Information users and their information Needs
- Categories of Information users.
- Information needs definition and models.
- Information seeking behaviour.
Unit.3 User Education
- Goals and Objectives level, Techniques and Methods, Evaluation
of Users Education Programmes.
Unit. 4. User Studies.
- Methods and techniques of User studies.
- Evaluation of User studies.
Unit 5. User Orientation Programmes:
- Conventional and modern Techniques: Study tour, Newsletters,
Handbooks, Leaflets, Powerpoint Presentation, Websites etc

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